天之聪教育2015-07-06天之聪网校1153次

第一部分：英译汉(出自纽约时报2009.3.26)：

LECCO, Italy — Each morning, about 450 students travel along 17 school bus routes to 10 elementary schools in this lakeside city at the southern tip of Lake Como. There are zero school buses.

In 2003, to confront the triple threats of childhood obesity, local traffic jams and — most important — a rise in global greenhouse gases abetted by car emissions, an environmental group here proposed a retro-radical concept: children should walk to school.

They set up a piedibus (literally foot-bus in Italian) — a bus route with a driver but no vehicle. Each morning a mix of paid staff members and parental volunteers in fluorescent yellow vests lead lines of walking students along Lecco’s twisting streets to the schools’ gates, Pied Piper-style, stopping here and there as their flock expands.

At the Carducci School, 100 children, or more than half of the students, now take walking buses. Many of them were previously driven in cars. Giulio Greppi, a 9-year-old with shaggy blond hair, said he had been driven about a third of a mile each way until he started taking the piedibus. “I get to see my friends and we feel special because we know it’s good for the environment,” he said.

Although the routes are each generally less than a mile, the town’s piedibuses have so far eliminated more than 100,000 miles of car travel and, in principle, prevented thousands of tons of greenhouse gases from entering the air, Dario Pesenti, the town’s environment auditor, estimates.

The number of children who are driven to school over all is rising in the United States and Europe, experts on both continents say, making up a sizable chunk of transportation’s contribution to greenhouse-gas emissions. The “school run” made up 18 percent of car trips by urban residents of Britain last year, a national survey showed.

In 1969, 40 percent of students in the United States walked to school; in 2001, the most recent year data was collected, 13 percent did, according to the federal government’s National Household Travel Survey.

Lecco’s walking bus was the first in Italy, but hundreds have cropped up elsewhere in Europe and, more recently, in North America to combat the trend.

Towns in France, Britain and elsewhere in Italy have created such routes, although few are as extensive and long-lasting as Lecco’s.

天之聪网校参考译文：

意大利莱科市--莱科位于科摩湖最南端。每天早上，10个小学的大约450名学生沿着17条校车线路步行上学，校车不见踪影。

儿童肥胖症增多，当地交通拥堵，特别是汽车尾气使得全球温室气体排放量不断攀升，面对这三大问题，当地一个环保组织于2003年提出了回归自然的大胆建议：让孩子们步行上学。

该环保组织制定了一个名为“piedibus”的步行上学计划：学生沿着校车线路步行上学，没有校车但有专职负责护送的“司机”。“piedibus”在意大利语中的意思就是“步行公交车”。每天早上，孩子们排成队，在身穿荧光黄色背心的专职工作人员和家长志愿者的带领下，沿着蜿蜒曲折的街道步行上学。途中队伍不时停下来，沿途的学生陆续加入，队伍也随之壮大。整个情形与魔笛的故事十分相似。

卡多西小学学生人数不到200人，而现在超过一半的学生都选择步行上学，这些孩子之前都是车接车送。朱利奥﹒格雷皮现年九岁，一头浓密金发。他说，上学就三分之一英里的路程，此前他上学都是车接车送。他说，“步行上学能见到好朋友，而且感觉很有意义，因为这对环境有好处。”

每一条校车线路通常都不超过一英里，但是，莱科市的环境审核员达里奥﹒裴森迪（Pesenti）估计，通过实施步行上学计划，汽车出行总里程减少了10多万英里，从理论上讲相当于温室气体减排数千吨。

欧美专家称，上学需车接车送的小学生数量总体仍在上升，由此产生的温室气体排放占整个交通领域的很大比重。一项国家调查显示，去年校车总里程数占英国市民汽车出行总里程数的18%。

根据联邦政府国家家庭旅行调查部门的统计，在1969年，美国步行上学的小学生比例为40%，在数据统计的最后一年，也就是2001年，这一比例下降至13%。

针对这一趋势，莱科市在意大利率先启动了步行上学计划，欧洲其他国家和地区也纷纷启动了数百个类似计划，北美最近也步欧洲后尘，鼓励学生步行上学。

法国和英国的一些城市以及意大利的其他城市也实施了步行上学计划，只不过大多数城市启动比莱科要晚，规模也小。

第二部分：汉译英 (节选自2009年胡锦涛在联合国气候变化峰会开幕式上讲话)

全球气候变化深刻影响着人类生存和发展，是各国共同面临的重大挑战。

气候变化是人类发展进程中出现的问题，既受自然因素影响，也受人类活动影响，既是环境问题，更是发展问题，同各国发展阶段、生活方式、人口规模、资源禀赋以及国际产业分工等因素密切相关。归根到底，应对气候变化问题应该也只能在发展过程中推进，应该也只能靠共同发展来解决。

中国已经制定和实施了《应对气候变化国家方案》，明确提出2005年到2010年降低单位国内生产总值能耗和主要污染物排放、提高森林覆盖率和可再生能源比重等有约束力的国家指标。

今后，中国将进一步把应对气候变化纳入经济社会发展规划，并继续采取强有力的措施。一是加强节能、提高能效工作，争取到2020年单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放比2005年有显著下降。二是大力发展可再生能源和核能，争取到2020年非化石能源占一次能源消费比重达到15％左右。三是大力增加森林碳汇，争取到2020年森林面积比2005年增加4000万公顷，森林蓄积量比2005年增加13亿立方米。四是大力发展绿色经济，积极发展低碳经济和循环经济，研发和推广气候友好技术。

官方参考译文：

Global climate change has a profound impact on the existence and development of mankind, and is a major challenge facing all countries.

Climate change is an issue arising in the course of human development. It is associated with both natural factors and human activities. It is an environmental issue, but also, and more importantly, a development issue, as it is closely connected with the development stage, way of life, size of population and resource endowment of different countries and their places in the international division of labor. In the final analysis, we should and can only advance efforts to address climate change in the course of development and meet the challenge through common development.

China has adopted and is implementing the National Climate Change Program, which includes mandatory national targets for reducing energy intensity and the discharge of major pollutants, and increasing forest coverage and the share of renewable energy for the period of 2005 through 2010.

In the years ahead, China will further integrate actions on climate change into its economic and social development plan and take the following measures: First, we will intensify effort to conserve energy and improve energy efficiency. We will endeavor to cut carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by a notable margin by 2020 from the 2005 level. Second, we will vigorously develop renewable energy and nuclear energy. We will endeavor to increase the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to around 15% by 2020. Third, we will energetically increase forest carbon sink. We will endeavor to increase forest coverage by 40 million hectares and forest stock volume by 1.3 billion cubic meters by 2020 from the 2005 levels. Fourth, we will step up effort to develop green economy, low-carbon economy and circular economy, and enhance research, development and dissemination of climate-friendly technologies.

天之聪网校参考译文：

Climate change is a daunting global challenge that threatens the very existence and development of humankind.

The changing climate has emerged alongside human progress. Climate is subject to natural forces and human factors. Climate change threatens the environment, but more importantly, it challenges the course of development. Development stages, lifestyles, population sizes and resource endowments of different countries and the international division of labor are all at play in shaping patterns of climate change. In the final analysis/essentially/basically/ultimately, climate change must and can only be addressed through common development.        

China has implemented the National Climate Change Program for the period between 2005 and 2010. The initiative has set binding/mandatory targets for energy intensity, emission cuts in major pollutants, rises in forest coverage and growth in share of renewables.  

Going forward, China will include/mainstream/build/feed climate change adaptation and mitigation into its socio-economic planning and renew its strong commitment to fight this challenge. First, China will seek higher energy efficiency and much lower carbon intensity by 2020 from the level of 2005. Second, China will strive to develop renewable and nuclear energy as part of its efforts to derive about 15% of primary energy consumption from non-fossil sources by 2020.

Third, China will work to increase forest carbon sink by adding 40 million hectares to forest acreage/cover and 1.3 billion cubic meters to forest stock between 2005 and 2020. Fourth, China will be committed to building a green and circular economy that follows a low-carbon path. For that to happen, China will work hard on the R&D and extension of climate-friendly technologies.